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Colour . |
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Composition . |
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(X) . |
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Permanence . |
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Fresco . |
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Observations . |
| White lead | Basic lead carbonate | Harmful | ** | Yes | Don't mix with cadmiums - excellent for highlights |
| Titanium white | Titanium dioxide | - | **** | Yes | Don't mix with cadmiums - luminous - intense |
| Zinc white | Zinc oxide | - | **** | No | Has a tendency to turn gray in mixture - not very covering - solid - use it for glazing |
| Cerulean blue (substitute) | Barite sulfate and phtalocianine blue | - | **** | Yes | High colouring capacity |
| Cerulean blue (genuine) | Cobalt stanate | - | **** | Yes | Opaque - unvarying in mixture |
| Cobalt blue | Cobalt aluminate | - | **** | Yes | Excellent light resistance - stable in mixture |
| Manganese blue | Manganate | Harmful | *** | Yes | - |
| Prussian blue | Ferrocyanide of iron | - | *** | No | Use alcohol to get it wet - high colouring capacity -dry action with fatty binders (tempera) |
| Ultramarine blue | Silico-aluminate of polysulfuretted sodiums | - | **** | Yes | Luminous and intense - don't mix with chrome yellow |
| Cadmium yellow (substitute) | Mixed organic colours | - | *** | No | Good light resistance |
| Cadmium yellow (genuine) | Cadmium sulfide | - | **** | Yes | Covering - don't mix with white lead or with ultramarine blue |
| Chrome yellow | Lead chromate | Harmful | * | No | Bad light resistance - turns black over time |
| Naples yellow (substitute) | Zinc oxide - titanium dioxide - monoazoics | - | *** | No | Luminous - Good light resistance - often used for the background of icons |
| Naples yellow (genuine) | Lead antimoniate | Harmful | * | No | Avoid iron and oxide contact |
| Black lake | Aniline | - | ** | Yes | Has a tendency to become blue - use it in mixture |
| Lamp black | Carbon | - | **** | Yes | The favourite black for fresco |
| Ivory black | Burnt bones | - | **** | No | Don't use it in tempéra - tendancy to peel off |
| Ochre (Kitrino) | Natural earth (Greece) | - | **** | Yes | Use it for the last enlightenment of the face - covers well |
| Brown ochre | Mixed natural earth | - | **** | Yes | - |
| Golden ochre | Natural earth (Italy) | - | **** | Yes | - |
| Deep ochre | Natural earth (Italy) | - | **** | Yes | - |
| Yellow ochre | Natural earth | - | **** | Yes | - |
| Deep ochre | Natural earth (burnt yellow ochre) | - | **** | Yes | - |
| Burnt umber | Burnt natural earth | - | **** | Yes | Mix it well before puddling the colour (icon) |
| Raw umber | Natural earth | - | **** | Yes | Tendancy to flour : needs a lot of binder |
| Mars orange | Iron oxide | - | *** | Yes | - |
| Cadmium red purple (substitute) | Zinc oxide - azoics - mineral charges | - | ** | No | - |
| Cadmium red purple (genuine) | Cadmium sulfo seleniure | - | **** | Yes | - |
| Alizarine carmine | Azoic lake on alumine | - | *** | No | High colouring capacity - use it in glaze - transparent |
| Cadmium red (substitute) | Zinc oxide - azoics - mineral charges | - | **** | No | Very good light resistance - stable in mixture |
| Cadmium red (genuine) | Cadmium sulfo seleniure (minéral) | - | **** | Yes | Covering - don't mix with lead and titanium white |
| Mars red | Iron oxide | - | **** | Yes | High colouring capacity - gives a transparent film |
| China red | Azoic-pigments - mineral charges | - | *** | No | - |
| Pozzuoli red | Natural earth (Italiy) | - | **** | Yes | Very covering |
| Venise red | Iron oxide | - | **** | Yes | Very good light resistance - stable in mixture |
| Helios red | Toluidine red (organic) | - | ** | No | Luminous and intense - High colouring capacity |
| Molibdene red | Lead molibdate | Harmful | **** | Yes | Intense - luminous and covering - may warm the flesh tones (carnations) |
| Vermilion (substitute) | Azoics et mineral charges | - | **** | No | Luminous and covering |
| Vermillon (genuine) | Toluidine red and mineral charges | - | ** | Yes | Don't mix with lead pigments |
| Burnt Sienna | Natural earth (Italie) | - | **** | Yes | Mix it well with the brush before application |
| Raw Sienna | Natural earth (Italie) | - | **** | Yes | - |
| Green earth | Natural earth | - | **** | Yes | - |
| English green | Azoïque et phtalocianine | - | *** | No | - |
| Barium green | Barium chromate - phtalocianine and strontium chromate | Harmful | ** | No | Luminous and covering |
| Chromium oxide green | Chrome oxide | - | **** | Yes | Covering and coloring - very stable in mixture |
| Viridian (substitute) | Phtalocianine and mineral charges | - | *** | No | Luminous - high colouring capacity - stable in mixture |
| Viridian (genuine) | Hydraded chrome oxide | - | *** | Yes | Very solid in mixture - use it in glazes |
| Veronese green | Monoazoic - phtalocyanine and mineral charges | - | *** | No | Luminous - covering but not very coloring |
| Cobalt violet | Cobalt arseniate | Harmful | **** | Yes | Covering but not very coloring - very stable in mixture |
| **** Very permanent | *** Durable | ** Moderately durable | * Fugitive |
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